知乎问题：
POLLIN，POLLOUT，POLLERR这三个是比较显而易见的，其余的诸如POLLHUP，POLLNVAL，POLLPRI这些就比较让人摸不着头脑了，这些poll/epoll中的event应该在什么时候需要监听并处理他们呢？
1. 文档
bing.com 搜索事件 POLLNVAL，关键字：POLLNVAL site:man7.org/linux/man-pages，点击第一条记录，有比较详细的文档。
- 搜索方式，其它的事件信息也可以进行类似搜索。
- 事件文档。
2. 内核源码
事件触发场景。下面是一个 tcp socket 的 epoll 事件检测函数（github），可以看看这些事件是在什么场景下返回的，详细请参考 linux 内核的源码。
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/*
* Wait for a TCP event.
*
* Note that we don't need to lock the socket, as the upper poll layers
* take care of normal races (between the test and the event) and we don't
* go look at any of the socket buffers directly.
*/
__poll_t tcp_poll(struct file *file, struct socket *sock, poll_table *wait) {
__poll_t mask;
struct sock *sk = sock->sk;
const struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
int state;
sock_poll_wait(file, sock, wait);
state = inet_sk_state_load(sk);
if (state == TCP_LISTEN)
return inet_csk_listen_poll(sk);
/* Socket is not locked. We are protected from async events
* by poll logic and correct handling of state changes
* made by other threads is impossible in any case.
*/
mask = 0;
/*
* EPOLLHUP is certainly not done right. But poll() doesn't
* have a notion of HUP in just one direction, and for a
* socket the read side is more interesting.
*
* Some poll() documentation says that EPOLLHUP is incompatible
* with the EPOLLOUT/POLLWR flags, so somebody should check this
* all. But careful, it tends to be safer to return too many
* bits than too few, and you can easily break real applications
* if you don't tell them that something has hung up!
*
* Check-me.
*
* Check number 1. EPOLLHUP is _UNMASKABLE_ event (see UNIX98 and
* our fs/select.c). It means that after we received EOF,
* poll always returns immediately, making impossible poll() on write()
* in state CLOSE_WAIT. One solution is evident --- to set EPOLLHUP
* if and only if shutdown has been made in both directions.
* Actually, it is interesting to look how Solaris and DUX
* solve this dilemma. I would prefer, if EPOLLHUP were maskable,
* then we could set it on SND_SHUTDOWN. BTW examples given
* in Stevens' books assume exactly this behaviour, it explains
* why EPOLLHUP is incompatible with EPOLLOUT. --ANK
*
* NOTE. Check for TCP_CLOSE is added. The goal is to prevent
* blocking on fresh not-connected or disconnected socket. --ANK
*/
if (sk->sk_shutdown == SHUTDOWN_MASK || state == TCP_CLOSE)
mask |= EPOLLHUP;
if (sk->sk_shutdown & RCV_SHUTDOWN)
mask |= EPOLLIN | EPOLLRDNORM | EPOLLRDHUP;
/* Connected or passive Fast Open socket? */
if (state != TCP_SYN_SENT &&
(state != TCP_SYN_RECV || tp->fastopen_rsk)) {
int target = sock_rcvlowat(sk, 0, INT_MAX);
if (tp->urg_seq == tp->copied_seq &&
!sock_flag(sk, SOCK_URGINLINE) &&
tp->urg_data)
target++;
if (tcp_stream_is_readable(tp, target, sk))
mask |= EPOLLIN | EPOLLRDNORM;
if (!(sk->sk_shutdown & SEND_SHUTDOWN)) {
if (sk_stream_is_writeable(sk)) {
mask |= EPOLLOUT | EPOLLWRNORM;
} else { /* send SIGIO later */
sk_set_bit(SOCKWQ_ASYNC_NOSPACE, sk);
set_bit(SOCK_NOSPACE, &sk->sk_socket->flags);
/* Race breaker. If space is freed after
* wspace test but before the flags are set,
* IO signal will be lost. Memory barrier
* pairs with the input side.
*/
smp_mb__after_atomic();
if (sk_stream_is_writeable(sk))
mask |= EPOLLOUT | EPOLLWRNORM;
}
} else
mask |= EPOLLOUT | EPOLLWRNORM;
if (tp->urg_data & TCP_URG_VALID)
mask |= EPOLLPRI;
} else if (state == TCP_SYN_SENT && inet_sk(sk)->defer_connect) {
/* Active TCP fastopen socket with defer_connect
* Return EPOLLOUT so application can call write()
* in order for kernel to generate SYN+data
*/
mask |= EPOLLOUT | EPOLLWRNORM;
}
/* This barrier is coupled with smp_wmb() in tcp_reset() */
smp_rmb();
if (sk->sk_err || !skb_queue_empty(&sk->sk_error_queue))
mask |= EPOLLERR;
return mask;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(tcp_poll);
/*
* LISTEN is a special case for poll..
*/
static inline __poll_t inet_csk_listen_poll(const struct sock *sk)
{
return !reqsk_queue_empty(&inet_csk(sk)->icsk_accept_queue) ?
(EPOLLIN | EPOLLRDNORM) : 0;
}
